The Birth of the Tour de France: How a Newspaper Sparked the World’s Greatest Cycling Race
The Tour de France is today one of the most prestigious and demanding cycling competitions in the world. Each summer, cyclists from across the globe tackle grueling mountain passes, long-distance sprints, and unpredictable weather over three intense weeks. But the origins of this legendary race are far from what most would expect — rooted in newspaper sales, fierce rivalry, and one journalist’s daring idea.
A Media Rivalry that Paved the Way
At the beginning of the 20th century, France was home to a rapidly growing interest in sports, and cycling was becoming increasingly popular. During this time, two newspapers — Le Vélo and L’Auto — were locked in a battle for readers. Le Vélo was the established sports paper, while L’Auto was a newcomer, created by sports enthusiasts and businessmen who disagreed with Le Vélo‘s politics and editorial stance.
To compete with their more popular rival, L’Auto needed something bold to attract attention and increase circulation. The man at the helm, Henri Desgrange, was a former competitive cyclist and editor-in-chief of L’Auto. His goal was to put the paper on the map in a dramatic way.
Enter Géo Lefèvre, a young journalist working for L’Auto. During a brainstorming session in late 1902, Lefèvre pitched an extraordinary idea: a multi-day bicycle race that would span the entire country. It would be longer and tougher than any race ever held before, capturing public interest and drawing widespread attention to the newspaper.
Desgrange was intrigued. He took a leap of faith and approved the idea, not knowing it would spark a century-long tradition.
The First Tour de France: 1903
The first Tour de France began on July 1, 1903. Unlike modern editions with over 20 stages, this race consisted of just six — but each was a marathon. Riders traveled from Paris to Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Nantes, and back to Paris, covering a staggering total distance of 2,428 kilometers (1,509 miles).
Only 60 cyclists started the race, and just 21 managed to reach the finish line. Cyclists rode through the day and night, often without rest, over rough and dusty roads. They received little assistance and had to perform their own repairs during the race.
Maurice Garin, a chimney sweep turned cyclist, won the inaugural race with a dominant performance, finishing nearly three hours ahead of his nearest competitor. His victory earned him a prize of 3,000 francs — a significant reward at the time — and the admiration of fans across France.
The public response was overwhelming. People lined the roads to cheer on the riders, and newspaper sales surged. L’Auto had found its golden ticket.
Evolving Into a Global Phenomenon
Following the success of the first race, Desgrange and his team continued to develop the Tour each year. The number of stages increased, and the routes changed annually, showcasing the beauty and challenges of the French countryside. In 1910, the race first entered the high mountains, including the Pyrenees and later the Alps, introducing brutal but iconic climbs such as the Col du Tourmalet and Alpe d’Huez.
These high-altitude stages became central to the race’s legend, separating the good cyclists from the great. As the event grew, so did its international recognition. By the mid-20th century, the Tour de France was no longer just a national competition — it had become a global spectacle.
A Race That Reflects a Nation
More than just a sporting event, the Tour de France is woven into the cultural fabric of France. The route passes through historic towns, rolling vineyards, and breathtaking mountain landscapes. It highlights regional diversity and promotes tourism across the country.
The race has not been without its challenges. It was halted during both World Wars and has faced controversies, particularly related to doping. Yet it has endured and evolved, maintaining its place at the pinnacle of endurance sports.
A Legacy That Endures
What began as a marketing strategy for a struggling newspaper in 1903 is now a symbol of athletic excellence and national pride. The Tour de France tests the limits of human endurance, strategy, and resilience. It has produced legends, unforgettable moments, and continues to inspire millions every year.
From Géo Lefèvre’s bold proposal to today’s globally televised spectacle, the Tour de France remains a testament to the power of ideas — and the incredible heights they can reach.